Perspectivisation Ontology (persp)
Overview
IRI: https://w3id.org/contro/persp
Version: 1.0
Release: 12/03/2025
Last update: 16/06/2025
Authors: Alberto Ciarrocca, Francesca Massarenti
Source: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/persp/perspectivisation.owl
License: 
Available:
Description
An ontology for the perspectivisation frame: a type of events or situations, where a fact (a background) is reported within a certain storytelling (a lens), which creates a viewpoint (a cut), towards which the source (a conceptualiser) holds a positive, negative, or neutral stance (an attitude). The result of perspectivisation is not only a linguistic or rhetorical artifice, because it typically involves a ‘blending’ of the entities playing two roles: the cut, and the lens.
For example, in political talk, when e.g. a democrat says that taxes are investments, the democrat (conceptualiser) holds an attitude towards the current taxation policies (cut from a background), viewed through the generally positive value associated with investments (lens). The expected result from the example is that a new entity emerges: an ‘investment-blended’ meaning of taxes. A lot of public discussions, even in formal contexts, shows perspectivisation situations.
Bibliography
A. Gangemi and V. Presutti, “Formal representation and extraction of perspectives,” in Creating a more transparent internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 208–228, doi: 10.1017/9781108641104.016.
Namespaces
Classes
Subclass of
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
The attitude of a conceptualiser towards an eventuality, perspectivised through the application of a lens, e.g., positive attitude towards taxation policies, reinforced by a positive value such as 'investment' in 'taxes are investiments'.
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
Subclass of
- Attitude
In range of
- Object Property
- Individual
Also defined as
Background
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Background Equivalent to
- satisfies value Background
Subclass of
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
The background knowledge for an eventuality targeted by perspectivisation, e.g., fiscal knowledge behind current taxation policies in 'taxes are investiments'. In the example, only the background is expressed.
Background
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Background- satisfies value Background
Equivalent to
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
Subclass of
- Background
In range of
- Object Property
- Individual
Also defined as
Subclass of
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
The cut emerging from perspectivising an eventuality through a lens, e.g. taxation policies reframed as investments in 'taxes are investiments'.
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
Subclass of
- Cut
In range of
- Object Property
- Individual
Also defined as
Subclass of
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
The lens used by perspectivisation on an eventuality, e.g., 'investments' on current taxation policies.
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
Subclass of
- Lens
In range of
- Object Property
- Individual
Also defined as
Perspectivisation
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Perspectivisation Equivalent to
- Cut some Situation
- satisfies value Perspectivisation
Subclass of
- Attitude some Situation
- Background min 0 Situation
- Conceptualiser some Agent
- Eventuality some Situation
- Lens some Situation
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
A compositional frame for situations that provide a redescription of an eventuality by using a lens, with an attitude. It usually requires background knowledge for the eventuality (and possibly the lens), as well as one or more agents conceptualising it. A 'cut' (in the cinematic sense) emerges from a perspectivisation, which composes an eventuality with a lens, as in the example 'taxes are investments', where current taxation policies (the eventuality) is cut by shooting through the investment lens. The OWL representation of this frame includes heavy punning: each aspect of a perspectivisation is in fact modeled as a semantic role (holding between perspectivisation situations and the things involved in them, as an individual (the frame projections), as well as classes (the intensional components of the frame), since almost all aspects are frames on their turn.
Perspectivisation
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Perspectivisation- Cut some Situation
- satisfies value Perspectivisation
Equivalent to
- Attitude some Situation
- Background min 0 Situation
- Conceptualiser some Agent
- Eventuality some Situation
- Lens some Situation
- Perspectivisation Theory Situation
Subclass of
- Attitude
- Eventuality
- Lens
Key properties
- Individual
Also defined as
Perspectivisation Theory Situation
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#PerspectivisationTheorySituation Subclass of
- Situation
Perspectivisation Theory Situation
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#PerspectivisationTheorySituation- Situation
Subclass of
- Attitude
- Background
- Cut
- Lens
- Perspectivisation
Superclass of
Object Properties
The attitude of a conceptualiser towards an eventuality, perspectivised through the application of a lens, e.g., positive attitude towards taxation policies, reinforced by a positive value such as 'investment' in 'taxes are investiments'.
- is Setting For
Subproperty of
- Class
- Individual
Also defined as
The background knowledge for an eventuality targeted by perspectivisation, e.g., fiscal knowledge behind current taxation policies in 'taxes are investiments'. In the example, only the background is expressed.
- is Setting For
Subproperty of
- Class
- Individual
Also defined as
Conceptualiser
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Conceptualiser Domain
- Situation
Range
- Agent
- has Role value Conceptualiser
Conceptualiser
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Conceptualiser- Situation
Domain
- Agent
- has Role value Conceptualiser
Range
- is Setting For
Subproperty of
- Individual
Also defined as
The cut emerging from perspectivising an eventuality through a lens, e.g. taxation policies reframed as investments in 'taxes are investiments'.
- is Setting For
Subproperty of
- Class
- Individual
Also defined as
Eventuality
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Eventuality Domain
- Situation
Range
- Eventuality
- has Role value Eventuality
Eventuality
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Eventuality- Situation
Domain
- Eventuality
- has Role value Eventuality
Range
- is Setting For
Subproperty of
- Individual
Also defined as
- inverse(Eventuality) o Background
Superproperty of chain
- inverse(Conceptualiser) o Attitude
Superproperty of chain
The lens used by perspectivisation on an eventuality, e.g., 'investments' on current taxation policies.
- is Setting For
Subproperty of
- Class
- Individual
Also defined as
- inverse(Eventuality) o Cut
Superproperty of chain
perspectivised Through
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#perspectivisedThrough Domain
- Situation
Range
- Situation
perspectivised Through
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#perspectivisedThrough- Situation
Domain
- Situation
Range
- inverse(Eventuality) o Lens
Superproperty of chain
Individuals
Class
- Description
The attitude of a conceptualiser towards an eventuality, perspectivised through the application of a lens, e.g., positive attitude towards taxation policies, reinforced by a positive value such as 'investment' in 'taxes are investiments'.
- Description
Class
- Object Property
- Class
Also defined as
Background
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Background Class
- Description
The background knowledge for an eventuality targeted by perspectivisation, e.g., fiscal knowledge behind current taxation policies in 'taxes are investiments'. In the example, only the background is expressed.
Background
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Background- Description
Class
- Object Property
- Class
Also defined as
Conceptualiser
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Conceptualiser Class
- Role
Conceptualiser
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Conceptualiser- Role
Class
- Object Property
Also defined as
Class
- Description
The cut emerging from perspectivising an eventuality through a lens, e.g. taxation policies reframed as investments in 'taxes are investiments'.
- Description
Class
- Object Property
- Class
Also defined as
Eventuality
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Eventuality Class
- Role
Eventuality
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Eventuality- Role
Class
- Object Property
Also defined as
Class
- Description
The lens used by perspectivisation on an eventuality, e.g., 'investments' on current taxation policies.
- Description
Class
- Object Property
- Class
Also defined as
Perspectivisation
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Perspectivisation Class
- Description
A compositional frame for situations that provide a redescription of an eventuality by using a lens, with an attitude. It usually requires background knowledge for the eventuality (and possibly the lens), as well as one or more agents conceptualising it. A 'cut' (in the cinematic sense) emerges from a perspectivisation, which composes an eventuality with a lens, as in the example 'taxes are investments', where current taxation policies (the eventuality) is cut by shooting through the investment lens. The OWL representation of this frame includes heavy punning: each aspect of a perspectivisation is in fact modeled as a semantic role (holding between perspectivisation situations and the things involved in them, as an individual (the frame projections), as well as classes (the intensional components of the frame), since almost all aspects are frames on their turn.
Perspectivisation
https://w3id.org/contro/persp#Perspectivisation- Description
Class
- defines Role Conceptualiser
- defines Role Eventuality
- has Component Attitude
- has Component Background
- has Component Cut
- has Component Lens
Assertions
- Class